Healthy Europeans

Healthy Europeans is our main health reference group. It is relevant for comparing yourself to a representation of European individuals that are considered healthy, with no known disease, and normal bodyweight.

Unseen Bio users

Unseen Bio users is a reference group with all of our clients. This is a very diverse group of individuals with a broad range of different characteristics. We know this group contains both clients with health issues, and clients with a proactive health approach. This reference is relevant if you want to compare your results to a general population of mixed characteristics.

Non-Industrial Lifestyle

Non-Industrial Lifestyle is a reference group with people from an agricultural or hunter-gatherer background, and a microbiome not impacted by a westernized lifestyle. This reference is relevant if you want to compare your results to people from other cultures, where the microbial exposure is high and different due to a more traditional way of life.

High Diversity Customers

Customers with alpha-diversity in the top 25 percent.

Low Diversity Customers

Customers with alpha-diversity in the bottom 25 percent.

Welcome! This is a demonstration of our microbiome test report. You are welcome to look around and inspect the example results.
This is your
Expert
Microbiome test report
Kit ID
demo
Sample date
November 21, 2018
Note: This slideshow merely summarizes your results.

To view the full report and all its modules finish this slideshow or simply scroll down at any point.
We have successfully connected additional information from your answers to the following questionnaires to this report:
Diet log
November 16, 2018
November 17, 2018
November 18, 2018
November 19, 2018
November 20, 2018
Physical activity
November 20, 2018
This is you,
Demo
These are your,
intestines
Your stomach and your small intestine are home only to a tiny fraction of your gut microbiome...
...unlike your
colon
It is the densest habitat on earth with more than 100
billion cells
per gramme of content
Content from which you took your
sample
We extracted all
DNA
that we could find in your sample
We use DNA from samples of healthy europeans as a
reference
to put your results in context
So, what are the
origins
of DNA in your sample?
Total DNA in your sample
Your DNA

Your gut naturally sheds itself.

So, we expect that a part of the DNA in your sample is in fact your own DNA.

Total DNA in your sample
Your DNA
Your gut microbiome DNA

The rest belongs to your gut microbiome.

Your gut microbiome consists of all microorganisms that live in your digestive tract.

Total DNA in your sample
0.4
Your DNA
99.6
Your gut microbiome DNA
  • Your level of human DNA of 0.4% is outside the reference range.
    • 99.6
    Your gut microbiome DNA
    Bacterial
    Archaeal
    Archaeal
    Fungal
    Fungal
    Unassigned

    We can detect the following microbes that make up your gut microbiome:

    • Bacteria
    • Archaea
    • Fungi

    DNA that we cannot assign remains as Unassigned.

    99.6
    Your gut microbiome DNA
    74.6
    Bacterial
    Archaeal <0.1
    Archaeal
    Fungal 0
    Fungal
    25.4
    Unassigned
    • Your level of bacterial DNA of 74.6% is inside the reference range.
    • Your level of archaeal DNA of <0.1% is inside the reference range.
    • Your level of fungal DNA of 0% is outside the reference range.

    We focus on

    Bacteria, archaea & fungi

    Bacteria are the natural inhabitants of your gut.

    Most of them break down food components that we cannot digest otherwise.

    Our bodies need them to prevent the growth of harmful organisms.

    They help to train our immune system, so that it works properly.

    Archaea are something like cousins of bacteria that can be found in the intestines of some, but not all, humans.

    They have a few distinct abilities:

    • They can use the hydrogen produced by bacteria.
    • Some of them can produce methane.

    Their impact on our health is still being studied, but their abilities have been associated with reduced bloating and slow digestion.

    Fungi are also considered normal inhabitants of your gut that can be found in some, but not all, humans.

    They are involved in digestive and immune functions and contribute to a balanced ecosystem in your gut.

    We have detected 1240 unique species of bacteria, 10 species of archaea and 0 species of fungi in your gut microbiome.

    1240
    10
    0
    The total amount of all unique species are your
    richness
    1240
    10
    0
    1250
    The total amount of all unique species are your
    richness
    Shown in the report as:
    Low
    1,250
    Healthy Europeans
    High
    Low
    1,250
    Healthy Europeans
    High
    Your richness is inside the reference range.
    Are there equal amounts of each species or are individual species much more prominent?
    That is described by a number we call
    Evenness
    Low Evenness High Evenness
    Evenness
    Low
    0.47
    Healthy Europeans
    High
    Your evenness is outside the reference range.
    We combine richness and evenness into
    Alpha diversity
    High alpha diversity indicates that the conditions in your gut support many different kinds of microbes.
    Your gut may be exposed to a rich selection of chemicals:
    • From your consumption of a varied diet,
    • from drugs or medication you may take,
    • the environment you live in,
    • or your body’s own immune response.
    Low alpha diversity means that only a few specialized microbes can survive in your gut.
    • Frequent and fast bowel movements may flush out those that grow slowly.
    • Antibiotics or your immune system may remove those that are not resistant.
    • A monotonous diet which lacks a variation of nutrients.
    Low
    8
    Healthy Europeans
    High
    Your alpha-diversity is lower than average, it is outside the range of the Healthy Europeans reference.
    This relationship of your alpha-diversity with the range of values for Healthy Europeans is reflected in your
    25
    Biodiversity score
    0 25 50 75 100
    25
    Biodiversity score
    0 25 50 75 100
    Your Biodiversity Score of 25:
    • gives you a quick assessment of the state of your gut microbiome, and
    • allows for easy comparisons between samples.
    After this first assessment of your gut microbiome, we now look at the
    RELATIVE ABUNDANCE
    of a few selected microbes in comparison with the healthy reference.
    RELATIVE ABUNDANCE
    is another expression for the amount of a certain microbe’s DNA relative to the total DNA found in a sample.
    RELATIVE ABUNDANCE
    We sometimes show individual microbes as circles.
    • The size of the circle indicates the relative abundance of the species.
    • The color indicates how this microbe’s relative abundance compares to the reference group.
    • High abundance
    • Inside the reference range
    • Low abundance
    • Outside the reference range
    We have selected specific microbes because they interact with our bodies in ways that we consider to be:
    Beneficial
    Non-beneficial
    Harmful
    Beneficial
    • Harvest energy from our food for us
    • Protect against pathogens
    • Train our immune system
    Non-beneficial
    • Indicate inflammation
    • Have the potential to make you sick if your body is weakened
    Harmful
    • Could possibly cause disease in healthy people
    Beneficial
    Non-beneficial
    Harmful
    Beneficial
    Non-beneficial
    Harmful
    11 out of 19 beneficial microbes are inside or above the reference range of Healthy Europeans.
    8 out of 19 beneficial microbes are not detected or below the reference range of Healthy Europeans.
    Beneficial
    Non-beneficial
    Harmful
    19 out of 22 non-beneficial microbes are inside, below or not detected in the reference range of Healthy Europeans.
    Beneficial
    Non-beneficial
    Harmful
    10 out of 12 harmful microbes are inside, below or not detected in the reference range of Healthy Europeans.
    Fungi

    Fungi are currently not classified as beneficial, non-beneficial or harmful.

    They make up only a minority of the gut microbiome and therefore have not been studied as much as bacteria.

    We show if fungi are inside or outside of the reference group.

    There are many different factors that could be responsible for why your gut microbiome looks the way it does.
    You cannot easily influence: Yet, you can influence:
    Sex and age
    Diet
    Body type
    Physical activity
    Genetics
    Lifestyle
    Medication
    Sleep
    Past exposures to microbes
    Environment
    Medical conditions
    Hey, but what about
    Probiotics?
    Probiotics are live microorganisms that deemed safe for consumption and administered in adequate amounts in the form of supplements.
    They are popular but their effectiveness is controversial.
    Probiotics have been tested for a number of conditions
    Yet, there has been no conclusive evidence that they are as beneficial as they are claimed to be.
    In the full report, we have a module that allows you to investigate whether your microbiome contains certain probiotics.
    However,
    • You should consult with your GP whether you really need potentially missing probiotics.
    • Nothing on this page is meant to be perceived as an approved health claim regarding probiotics.
    We always recommend that you optimize your microbiome through these factors that you can influence.
    Diet
    Physical activity
    Lifestyle
    Sleep
    Environment
    Your diet is considered a major determinant of gut microbiome composition.
    This why we score your diet against our own ideal microbiome diet with the aim to:
    • increase foods that support a healthy gut microbiome,
    • reduce foods that have no benefit or even do harm.
    We have registered the following five consecutive days of diet log and connected them to this sample from your Microbiome test November 21, 2018.
    Diet log
    November 16, 2018
    November 17, 2018
    November 18, 2018
    November 19, 2018
    November 20, 2018
    That means we can calculate your diet score!
    In our analysis, every ingredient in your diet logs was first assigned to at least one of 16 food categories.
    To help you understand our ideal microbiome diet we divided the individual food categories into four groups:
    Essential Foods
    Fruits
    Legumes
    Nuts and seeds
    Vegetables
    Whole grain
    Superfoods
    Polyphenol Boosters
    Fermented Foods
    Olive Oil
    Moderation Foods
    Dairy
    Seafood
    Limitation Foods
    Alcohol
    Artificial Sweeteners
    Meat and Eggs
    Sweet Drinks
    Sweets, cakes and chocolate
    Ultra-processed foods
    Then, we determined how your servings of each food category deviated from our ideal microbiome diet.
    Essential Foods
    • 4 out of 5 food categories deviated
    Superfoods
    • 3 out of 3 food categories deviated
    Moderation Foods
    • 2 out of 2 food categories deviated
    Limitation Foods
    • 3 out of 6 food categories deviated
    61
    Diet Score
    0 25 50 75 100
    Your Diet Score of 61 expresses how well your diet matches our ideal microbiome diet.
    To improve your microbiome and increase your diet score, focus on your deviations in the following food categories first.
    Changing your diet in these categories, gives you the biggest impact on the diet score.

    Generally, you should try to:

    • eat more: Whole grain, Olive Oil, Polyphenol Boosters, Fermented Foods, Seafood, Dairy
    • eat less: Sweets, cakes and chocolate, Sweet Drinks

    More specifically, you should:

    Physical activity also affects your gut.
    It stimulates bowel movement which gives beneficial microbes an advantage and contributes to building a healthy immune response.
    Regular exercise has also been shown to improve gut barrier function. The gut barrier acts as a physical and immunological barrier, preventing harmful substances from entering the bloodstream.
    We have registered your physical activity questionnaire taken on November 20, 2018 and connected it to this sample from your Microbiome test November 21, 2018.
    Physical activity
    November 20, 2018
    That means we can calculate your activity score!
    Based on your responses to our questionnaire, we are able to calculate sub-scores in four key areas of common habitual activity:
    • Housekeeping and care
    • Leisure
    • Sports and exercise
    • Work
    Your Housekeeping and care activity is 27.
    Your Leisure activity is 75.
    Your Sports and exercise activity is 56.
    Your Work activity is 31.
    47
    Activity Score
    0 25 50 75 100
    Your Activity Score of 47 is an average of your four sub-scores.
  • This is primarily because your reported activity specifically during housekeeping and work is low.
    • Easy ways to improve your activity score:
    Sit less.
    • Stand at work instead of sitting down.
    Do a little rather than not doing anything.
    • Choose to take the stairs.
    • Walk or cycle instead of driving.
    Gradually increase frequency, duration and intensity later.
    Smoking is incredibly harmful to your health and increases the chances of developing a wide range of diseases. This bad habit also negatively impacts your gut health.
    Smoking decreases the diversity of your microbiome.
    Studies have also found that the gut microbiome of smokers:
    • resemble the microbiomes of obese people
    • resemble those who have conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease
    Stress is a key risk factor for many common functional gastrointestinal disorders, like IBS.
    The link between stress levels and gut health is clear - it's all about the gut-brain connection.
    We all get a little stressed sometimes - but chronic exposure to stress can alter the balance of the gut-brain connection.
    Try to eliminate stress as much as possible or try using a relaxation technique.
    Just like you, every system of our bodies needs enough sleep to repair and ultimately function optimally.
    So, make an effort to get enough sleep regularly.
    • Try to sleep at least between 7 and 8 hours a day.
    • Try to go to bed around the same time every day.
    • Avoid exposure to blue light within 1-2 hours of your bedtime.
    • Don't consume caffeine late in the day.
    • Avoid big meals at night.
    By intentionally exposing yourself to different environments, you can increase your overall microbial diversity.
    Spend enough time:
    • Outside,
    • In contact with nature,
    • With other animals.
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